无人系统免疫智能技术

传统的无人系统人工智能技术重点研究人脑思维、感知和肌电反应等领域的科学发现和技术实现。免疫反应是生物体在面临病毒、细菌和天敌时保持生存和健康的独特生理机制，是智能系统技术研究领域的崭新视点。受动物应对病毒侵袭、环境剧变、天敌威胁等不利态势的免疫反应、保护自我和进化机制启发，提出无人系统在包含攻击、干扰、拒止、封锁、损伤、故障和博弈等恶劣环境和对抗模式下的生存安全问题，建立无人系统免疫智能技术的一般框架，架设无人系统和生物体之间免疫机制的桥梁。主要内容包括无人系统免疫智能技术的基本概念、反应机理、关键技术和研究框架，并分别从感知与诊断、适应与激励、学习与进化等技术层面进行了问题描述。最后，对免疫智能技术的未来研究方向和应用领域进行了展望。     

A regional model for the prediction of M(3000)F2 over East Asia

Research on empirical or physical models of ionospheric parameters is one of the important topics in the field of space weather and communication support services. To improve the accuracy of predicting the monthly median ionospheric propagating factor at 3000 km of the F2 layer (identified as M(3000)F2) for high frequency radio wave propagation, a model based on modified orthogonal temporal–spatial functions is proposed. The proposed model has three new characteristics: (1) The solar activity parameters of sunspot number and the 10.7-cm solar radio flux are together introduced into temporal reconstruction. (2) Both the geomagnetic dip and its modified value are chosen as features of the geographical spatial variation for spatial reconstruction. (3) A series of harmonic functions are used to represent the M(3000)F2, which reflects seasonal and solar cycle variations. The proposed model is established by combining nonlinear regression for three characteristics with harmonic analysis by using vertical sounding data over East Asia. Statistical results reveal that M(3000)F2 calculated by the proposed model is consistent with the trend of the monthly median observations. The proposed model is better than the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by comparison between predictions and observations of six station, which illustrates that the proposed model outperforms the IRI model over East Asia. The proposed method can be further expanded for potentially providing more accurate predictions for other ionospheric parameters on the global scale.     

基于变增益观测器的高超声速飞行器输出反馈控制

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器飞行控制问题，提出一种基于变增益观测器的双回路非线性输出反馈控制方案。首先，为解决部分状态信号不可直接测量的问题，设计了一种可变增益状态观测器。通过状态变换将飞行器模型变换为双回路形式，并设计自适应的观测器增益系数在保证其稳定性的同时提高鲁棒性。在此基础上，将高超声速飞行器本体模型与所设计的观测器一起构成新的严反馈系统，结合反步法与动态面设计控制器。另外，引入扩张状态观测器补偿系统观测误差及耦合项。利用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的一致有界稳定。最后，在不同情况下的数值仿真校验了所提控制方案在存在较大参数不确定情况下可获得理想的指令跟踪效果。     

双边永磁励磁游标电机运行原理及电磁特性仿真研究

为了进一步提高电机的功率密度和转矩密度,以满足直驱系统低速、大转矩的运行工况,提出一种新型双边永磁励磁游标(DPMEV)电机。该电机定子和转子上均放置有永磁体,利用定、转子齿对气隙磁导的双向调制作用,将两组永磁体产生的永磁磁场调制成少极数、高转速的有效谐波磁场,并根据有效谐波磁场设计电枢绕组,从而使定、转子上两组永磁体同时与电枢绕组耦合。介绍了DPMEV电机的拓扑结构。基于等效磁路法,对该电机的气隙磁通密度进行了分析,表明该电机可利用气隙磁导的双向调制作用,实现电机功率密度和转矩密度的有效提高。在深入分析电机工作原理的基础上,通过有限元法对DPMEV电机进行了计算和分析,验证了该电机具有适用于直驱系统的高功率密度和高转矩密度特性。     

Target-enclosing affine formation control of two-layer networked spacecraft with collision avoidance

This paper addresses a target-enclosing problem for multiple spacecraft systems by proposing a two-layer affine formation control strategy. Compared with the existing methods, the adopted two-layer network structure in this paper is generally directed, which is suitable for practical space missions. Firstly, distributed finite-time sliding-mode estimators and formation controllers in both layers are designed separately to improve the flexibility of the formation control system. By introducing the properties of affine transformation into formation control protocol design, the controllers can be used to track different time-varying target formation patterns. Besides, multi-layer time-varying encirclements can be achieved with particular shapes to surround the moving target. In the sequel, by integrating adaptive neural networks and specialized artificial potential functions into backstepping controllers, the problems of uncertain Euler-Lagrange models, collision avoidance as well as formation reconfiguration are solved simultaneously. The stability of the proposed controllers is verified by the Lyapunov direct method. Finally, two simulation examples of triangle formation and more complex hexagon formation are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results.     

Robust three-dimensional path-following control for an under-actuated stratospheric airship

This paper proposes a robust three-dimensional (3-D) path-following controller for an under-actuated stratospheric airship in the presence of uncertainties. The resultant control system exhibits an inner-outer loop control structure. In the outer control loop, the path-following error dynamics is constructed in a moving Serret-Frenet frame and a new guidance law with the sideslip and attack angle compensation is designed, which decreases the path-following steady-state error. In the inner control loop, a disturbance observer based backstepping control law is proposed to achieve the desired dynamic behavior on the path. Furthermore, a new velocity tracking control strategy is developed which aligns the resultant velocity tangent to the path. Finally, numerical simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

考虑磁场饱和的双定子永磁同步发电机的磁路模型

双定子永磁同步发电机(DSPMSG)包括内外两个定子和中间的转子,一般的电磁场计算软件计算比较困难。建立DSPMSG的磁路计算模型,利用铁磁材料的磁化特性曲线考虑磁场饱和,并同时考虑内、外两套绕组电枢反应对永磁磁场的影响,可对电机的性能参数进行计算,便于设计变量的及时快速调整。通过对1台3.3 kW样机的磁路计算和有限元计算的比较,证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于线性重力差模型的拦截弹中制导技术

针对机载动能拦截弹的中制导段气动力作用可忽略且存在无法实时精确计算重力偏差等特点，提出了一种基于线性重力差模型的预测制导方法。通过线性模型逼近中制导过程中拦截弹与目标之间的重力偏差，以此为依据调整拦截弹的推力矢量并将重力偏差值消除。在此基础上采用延迟点火的策略使得拦截弹的拦截器助推级更好地修正预测模型与实际情况的偏差，经过仿真验证可以将整个中制导段的脱靶量限制在一个较小数值，从而为末制导段提供良好的初始条件。     

Real-time sensor fault detection and isolation for LEO satellite attitude estimation through magnetometer data

Attitude estimation is a critical component of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) of any satellite. It is used to convert the sensor observation data to an estimated attitude using filtering algorithms. However, in the presence of sensor faults, the ADCS fails to achieve the desired attitude accuracy. In this paper, the Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter (FTEKF) is proposed to handle this imperfection. In accordance, various filtering steps are included in the FTEKF design to enhance both attitude estimation and sensor fault detection. The developed algorithm can detect and isolate any unexpected sensor faults in real time, which provides a reliable attitude estimation. A comparative study with the classical and robust Kalman filters is performed through numerical simulations in order to validate the effectiveness of the adopted filter in case of magnetometer fault data.     

基于椭圆孔阵列的频率选择表面研究

针对准光学馈电网络系统对频道分离性能的要求,研究了一种工作于毫米波、亚毫米波的无介质支持的双层金属椭圆孔阵列频率选择表面。其在反射通道中反射54GHz和89GHz 2个信号的电磁波。在透射通道中,对165GHz和183GHz 2个通道的信号是透明的。使用模式匹配法仿真分析并设计频率选择表面,结果表明:当入射角度为18°时,2个反射通道中双极化的插入损耗小于0.1dB,2个透射通道的双极化插入损耗不大于0.6dB,各项指标能满足频率选择表面在通道引入的插入损耗不大于0.8dB的要求。此外,通过蒙特卡罗法分析加工误差对频率选择表面性能的影响,根据指标要求给出加工精度的下限,为实际加工提供数据支持。